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Avant 2016, le système électrique du Rwanda était en déficit de capacités de production pour répondre à la demande énergétique, et l'approvisionnement en énergie était coûteux et peu fiable. Il était donc essentiel de développer la centrale électrique de KivuWatt pour permettre une offre d'électricité abordable et fiable, contribuer à l'amélioration de la sécurité énergétique et des opportunités de développement économique du pays.

\n

FMO a chargé Enea Consulting et son partenaire DataStorm de réaliser une étude complète d'évaluation des impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux du projet KivuWatt.

\n

OBJECTIFS DE L'ÉVALUATION D'IMPACT

\n

Les objectifs de la FMO en mandatant cette étude étaient d'évaluer les éléments suivants :

\n
    \n
  1. Les impacts de l'investissement dans la centrale électrique de KivuWatt sur le secteur énergétique rwandais ;
    2. \n
  2. Les impacts socio-économiques liés à l'amélioration de la disponibilité et de la fiabilité de l'énergie sur les ménages, les centres de santé, les écoles et les entreprises au niveau national ;
    3. \n
  3. Les impacts locaux du projet KivuWatt par le biais des activités de responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE).
    4. \n
\n

Cette étude a été réalisée entre mars 2015 et octobre 2019. Les impacts sur le secteur énergétique rwandais ont été évalués à partir de données fournies par les institutions gouvernementales et d’entretiens sur le terrain, les impacts socio-économiques ont été évalués par le biais d'une enquête nationale avec une approche statistique cherchant à être représentative des populations au niveau des ménages et des centres de santé, des écoles et des entreprises, et l'impact local de KivuWatt a été évalué par le biais d'entretiens et de visites sur le terrain à l'usine de KivuWatt.

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